Primary Pulmonary Hypertension :: essays research papers fc

Essential Pulmonary Hypertension Presentation A.Each year in the US there are about 300 new instances of PPH analyzed every year. B.My reason today is to educate you on the sickness PPH C.This point concerns you since it is a lethal illness that is on the ascent. D.Today I will discuss.... 1.What the sickness is 2.Causes of PPH 3.Symptoms of PPH 4.Diagnosis 5.Course and Treatment PPH-What right? Primary(unexplained) pneumonic hypertension (strangely hypertension) is an incredibly uncommon lung issue. Pneumonic hypertension happens when there are changes in little veins in the lungs coming about in an expanded protection from move enough blood through the lungs. The opposition puts a strain on the correct ventricle which must work harder to siphon enough blood. In the event that untreated,or on the off chance that the conditions are commonly awful enough,the right half of the heart may fall flat bringing about death. PPH-What are the causes? There is no clear reason for PPH,but there are conceivable outcomes. 1.PPH might be the consequence of another contamination, for example, heart disease,lung disease,or HIV. 2.PPH might be hereditary. A particular chromosome which runs in families is connected to PPH in spite of the fact that the kind of deformity is yet obscure. 3.Familial Inheritance 4.Diet Drugs-By far this is the most known reason. Fen-Phen and Dexfenfluramine,2 diet drugs have been considered and are connected to quantities of instances of pph. These medications can cause PPH in as meager as 23 days the hazard increments with the measure of time it is utilized. 5.Serotonin-Although this isn't proved,it is accepted that the above eating routine medications increment the arrival of serotonin which is frequently found in patients transplanted lungs with PPH. It is entirely conceivable this is a reason What are the side effects of PPH? In the beginning periods of PPh there are no manifestations. As a rule an individual will go to the specialist for another illness and will find that it can’t be relieved. After various tests,PPH is found to be the essential driver. 1.frequent sleepiness or tiring effectively as though you are in a bad way. 2.Difficulty breathing,dizziness,fainting 3.Swelling in lower legs/legs,bluish lips and skin 4.chest torment 5.trouble getting air 6.Palpitations-might be extreme to such an extent that it is contrasted with a coronary episode. How is PPH analyzed? 1.Electrocardiogram-shows whether heart is under expanded pressure 2.PPH is once in a while gotten in a standard clinical test. It is typically mistaken for other heart/lung ailments. 3.Echocardiogram-The specialist utilizes sound waves to outline structure of the heart and check whether the correct side is bigger. 4.Pulmonary Function Tests-measures lung volume. 5.Right-heart Cardiac Catheterization-A catheter(tube)is put in the patient’s arm,let,neck...to measure the blood weight of the correct side of the heart. what is the course and Treatment of PPH? PPH begins when a layer of cells in the lungs are harmed.

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purchase custom Transactional Model of Communication article Correspondence is a demonstration of passing data starting with one individual then onto the next. It is significant, consequently, that one guarantees that the beneficiary is in a situation to get the message (Balmud 2008, pp. 47-52). The criticism one gets from the collector makes it simple to realize whether compelling correspondence has happened. We convey during for our entire life, here and there even without knowing it. A few snags may emerge during the time spent correspondence. These incorporate tension, absence of readiness, and inappropriate behavior among others. Life is loaded with such circumstances. Numerous individuals will experience such situations at any rate sometimes (Schramm 1954, pp. 5-15). The vast majority of individuals feel that it is anything but difficult to convey; individuals feel that they are consistently ready to make great correspondence to the individuals around. Tragically, it isn't so natural. Correspondence needs a great deal of arrangement (Sch ramm 1954, pp. 5-15). Individuals ought to be prepared to convey even in troublesome minutes. All things considered, they should never accept that they have had the option to impart what they needed to. In that capacity, people ought to be prepared to assess the input from the beneficiaries. A decent input ought to be what they should use to decide how great they are in correspondence. Depiction of the circumstance I would say, I have been in places, where I have needed to pass on a specific message however couldn't. Now and again, I have been frustrated, when a few people need to pass on specific messages, vital, yet are hindered throughout doing as such. About a month back, I went to a specific café inside the city. I needed to do conveyances for vegetables, and furthermore get the installment for prior conveyances. I discovered that the administration had changed and new individuals had been set up. However, I had done this numerous prior months, I was out of nowhere uncomfortable. The supervisor accountable for provisions was unfamiliar to me. This implied I needed to give the subtleties of what my identity was, the reason I needed to see him. The gathering took a brief timeframe. Uneasiness developed inside me and I was unable to pass on the vital data easily. After the meeting was finished, the gracefully administrator was dubious of who I truly was. He had numerous inquiries that he nee ded me to reply in another meeting. Investigation of the circumstance Having been in the business for long, I had never made sense of that administration would change. I never arranged for changes, expecting that correspondence would consistently be simple. That particular day demonstrated that I have never made great arrangements undoubtedly. Correspondence, as I had accepted, could have never been frustrated. Be that as it may, this was an off-base supposition. I expected to make ajustments even before I set out toward the café that particular day. Notwithstanding, I do accept that the administrator would have allowed me to clarify all the data that he had to know. I accept that he bounced into the finish of what my identity was. Having been exceptionally standard in the premises, as I disclosed to him, he would have taken as much time as necessary to hear me out. In any case, that was not the situation. He felt that I was not to be trusted as much as I accounted for myself to him. Toward the day's end, I returned home disillusioned that I had not h ad the option to pick up trust from the administrator. I additionally believe that utilization of a few words by the provisions the executives made it difficult for me to convey the message. He asked me for what reason I had not been insightful to counsel him before I went into the premises. The utilization of the words not astute went about as a hindrance for me. I felt that the words were wrong. I was unable to utilize wrong words to counter the words, yet I needed to convey viably. Confronted with this, I pulled back a significant part of the data I needed to pass on. Answer for the issue Following the poor correspondence that happened that day, I needed to get another meeting to pass on the message that I intended to on that particular day. For one, I needed to plunk down and survey the circumstance in subtleties. The beneficiary had not gotten the message all things considered. I, in this way, decided to do what's necessary groundwork for the following meeting. I recorded the primary concerns I needed to pass on and guaranteed that I aced them. To start with, I needed to clarify what my identity was and the past encounters I had with the café. I additionally needed to guarantee that the message was brief, yet conveyed all the subtleties of what precisely I needed from the administration. My demeanor additionally needed to change. I needed to guarantee that I ought to be prepared to impart, even in where the startling situations happened. The other factor I needed to consider was the way that the crowd had changed. This implied the language needed to transform; I needed to utilize an alternate methodology this time. I needed to introduce the data such that the provisions the board could comprehend. It implied that few catchphrases must be utilized with the goal that the message would be passed on adequately. In the following meeting, correspondence was simple. The input was sure, because of the certainty I depicted on the gathering. I had the option to utilize right words and was quick to guarantee that I was exact. The provisions administrator was fulfilled that I was the opportune individual to keep conveying in their premises. All the more in this way, I had the option to respond to all the inquiries that the supervisor posed. I had foreseen a portion of the inquir ies, while some were absolutely startling. Be that as it may, combined with certainty, I offered very satisfactoory responses. Correspondence requires any offered individual to be exact and exact (Balmud 2008, pp. 48-53). A few subtleties should be stayed away from, while others held. This requests enough planning and appraisal of circumstance close by. The crowd additionally contrasts and should be dealt with in an unexpected way. One must consider the specific words to use before conveying to given crowds. For my situation, I was never arranged for an alternate crowd. I didn't have the specific words to move toward the circumstance. The experience that one has had in correspondence may meddle with the capacity of the individual to make compelling correspondence in future. This, at that point, calls for mental planning with the goal that one can confront the current circumstance in an entire diverse manner. As far as I can tell, I needed to guarantee that I would get the chance to manage the mental issues that the experience made. I needed to guarantee that I was taking a gander at the administration without dread and tension. Different snags that can happen during correspondence incorporate displeasure, pity among other mental hindrances (Balmud 2008, pp. 47-52). In my circumstance, our correspondence happens in up close and personal channel, and as per this channel I maynt ready to shroud my unexpected responses possibly outrage by the administrators selection of words. Recollect Visual and Vocal codes are practically 70% of our correspondence. This would have implied loss of center in the specific data I neede d to pass on. I could likewise have utilized off base language and words in the exact second of outrage and frustration. Another situation would have been cliché mentalities from the administration. He could have shaped an off-base supposition on my character, and as such neglect to offer me one more opportunity to impart viably. Every one of these hindrances to correspondence must be tended to. The perspectives must change towards guaranteeing compelling correspondence happens. The clamor levels must be negligible, and, simultaneously, have the right language to guarantee successful correspondence happens. Powerful correspondence is far substantially more significant than everything else on the planet. To guarantee that individuals get great input each time they are going over any data is vital. It is significant, in this manner, to get familiar with the elements of good correspondence. Ensure that individuals will have gotten with energy what others were imparting. I understood that poor correspondence is extravagant. I would have all around lost the chance to make business exchanges in future. I needed to beat the hindrances that I was confronted with so correspondence was improved later on. The simpler any individual can conquer the impediments, the simpler for them to gain ground in viable correspondence. Purchase custom Transactional Model of Communication article

What benefits will your college education provide you in your personal Essay

What advantages will your advanced degree give you in your own and expert lives - Essay Example school training for my own life will incorporate improvement of good companion connections, increment in fearlessness, attention to different social issues, advancement of a decent character, consciousness of various kinds of expert fields of life, and expanded chances to perform recreational exercises. The most significant advantage, which I accept to come out of school training for my own life, will be the advancement of new associations with the individuals concentrating with me in the school. The advantages of school training for my expert life will incorporate expanded openings for work, great pay bundle, vocation development, chance to exceed expectations in proficient life, improvement in dynamic aptitudes, capacity to raise suppositions dependent on information, and increment in self-assurance. The most significant advantage, which I accept to come out of school instruction for my expert life, will be the expanded number of employment

Domestic Wire Transfers Are Governed By Federal Regulation Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

In the United States, domestic wire transfers are governed by Federal Regulation and by Article 4A of the Uniform Commercial Code. The country register information regarding international transfer to make sure that funds are not sent to terrorist organizations or countries and entities under sanction by the government. It is the OFAC, the Office of Foreign Assets Control, which is in charge to monitor international transfers. If the office suspects that financial transfers are sent to one of these entities, the institution will block the transfer and freeze the money. As an example of the cost, Bank of America as of February 2010 charged $25 to send a wire and $12 to receive one within the US. For international transfer, it charged $35-$45 outgoing, $16 incoming. However, fees may vary from bank to bank. People have to know that banks can take a fee without the contentment of the client. There is no legislation to protect customers from these practices. It happens usually when there are different intermediate banks. However, the use of cheques does not allow these practices: the amount is fully guaranteed and fees are only due to the last endpoint bank. Recently, the COFACE decided to downgrade the mark that this institution gives to evaluate financial risks of a country, to the USA. The country received the note A1 due to several reasons: The signs of slowing down of the American economy multiply (3, 3 % growth in 2006 and 2, 4 % planned in 2007). The difficulties of the residential real estate market are likely to spread to the whole economy and affect the consumption of households An access more difficult to the credit for the most fragile companies that could lead to an increase of non-payments and failures. Coface plans an increase incidents of 5 % payment prevents Sylvia Greisman, chief Economist of Coface. Different institutions are in charge to prevent risks of non-payment: Bank Secrecy Act The Bank Secrecy Act of 1970 (or BSA, known as the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act) requires U.S.A. financial institutions to assist U.S. government agencies to detect and prevent money laundering. Specifically, the act requires financial institutions to keep records of cash purchases of negotiable instruments, file reports of cash transactions exceeding $10,000 (daily aggregate amount), and to report suspicious activity that might signify money laundering, tax evasion, or other criminal activities. Export-Import Bank of the United States The Export-Import Bank of the United States (known as Ex-Im Bank) is the official export credit agency of the United States. Ex-Im Banks mission is in charge to assist the export or import of goods and services to international markets. Financial Crimes Information Network (FinCen) US Department of Treasury FinCEN tends to improve the security of the country, and identify criminal activity, safeguard financial systems from abuse by promoting transparency in the U.S. United States Department of the Treasury The Treasury Department is the executive agency responsible for promoting economic prosperity and ensuring the financial security of the United States. The Department is in charge of different activities such as advising the President on economic and financial issues, encouraging sustainable economic growth. The Department of the Treasury maintains systems that are critical to the financial infrastructure, such as the production of coin and currency, the disbursement of payments to the American public, revenue collection, and the borrowing of funds necessary to run the federal government. Source: https://www.ustreas.gov/ EUROPE In Europe, since 2005, risks of payments have been growing. In average, companies have been paid within 17 days late. Behind this trend, situations can be different according to the country. To decode that, Intrum Justitia assigns to each country a payment risk index which summarizes all local settings affecting the creditor companies (average, delays settlement payment delays, losses on bad debt). However, the European community wants to set up a single way of payment: the Single Euro Payments Area. The SEPA project will provide new instruments of payment that will allow making transfers in all the SEPA area as easy as if it was in a national level. It involves the creation of a zone in which all electronic payments are considered domestic, and where a difference between countries part of Europe does not exist. The goal of this project is to improve the efficiency of cross border payments and turn the fragmented national markets for euro payments into a single domestic one: SEPA will allow customers to make payments to anyone situated anywhere in the area using only a single bank account and a single instrument of payment. The project includes the development of common instruments, procedures, and infrastructure to facilitate economies of scale. Since January 2008, banks are pushing customers to use this new payment instruments. By 2010, the majority should be on the SEPA framework. As a result, banks will need to invest a lot in technology to be able to carry on SEPA payment instruments. For Multi-national companies and banks, SEPA will offer the opportunity to secure their payments dealing out onto common platforms across the Eurozone. For consumers and companies, SEPA could mean cheaper, more efficient and faster payments transfer when moving Euro from one Eurozone country to another. 32 countries will take part of SEPA. SEPA have various objectives: Standardization of payments: This will take place with an equal limit of time, fraud levels, processes There wont be differences between national and international payments in the SEPA area. Reduction of cash money: The Single Euro Payments wants to decrease the amount of cash money by increasing electronic money through a reduction of costs of electronic money. Increasing surveillance of electronic money: SEPA will check electronic flow particularly regarding money laundering and terrorism funding. Sources: https://www.intrum.com/en/investors-and-media.html

Chicopee Public Schools Hr Assessment Essay - 723 Words

Chicopee Public Schools HR Assessment Background I have been working for Chicopee Public Schools for 2 years. I truly believe this is the best job I’ve ever had. The flexibility of my job is what I love the most. The only interaction I’ve had with Human Resources was when I got hired and when I have questions about benefits. We will dig deeper into my human resources department. We will explore issues involving retention, organizational growth, employee morale, and workplace demographics. I will narrow these four areas down to one and discuss ways to fix the issues. Target Crowd I wanted to get an unbiased view of Chicopee Public School System’s Human Resources department through the eyes of different workers. I targeted workers from different departments. CPS has a unique organization structure. CPS has a central office, this is where I work on a day to day basis. The central office could be considered the main hub for CPS. The public schools in Chicopee could be considered the sub organizations. This is what made it difficult to find a target audience in my organization. For this reason, I only focused on employees in the central office. My final decision was target two individuals from my human resources department, the Assistant for English Language Learners and Teacher Support, and the Assistant for Curriculum. I felt these individuals would give me a 360-degree view on our human resources department. Surveys I figured the best way to reach my targeted individuals was

Essay on Cuban Revolution - 1541 Words

Almost every nation in the world has experienced a revolution. A revolution can be simply defined as a change. When a country undergoes a revolution, its ideals that it once believed in are being modified. Sometimes revolutionaries act intellectually, yet others may respond physically through destruction. Some may be peaceful, some short lasting, and some pointless. Historians do argue on identifying whether a revolution has occurred. Revolutions usually follow a rupture in the nations events, are directed by a hero, have an ideology and belief system, and use symbols or tools to get its points across to the people. Cuba and its leader today, Fidel Castro, have their own roots in a revolution that took place only some forty years ago.†¦show more content†¦All revolutionaries except Castro and his family were massacred. Although this rupture failed, Castros movement gained popularity and prestige all over the world. In fact, Castro called the Revolution the 26 of July Movemen t. Castro himself was caught and sentenced to jail for two years. Between 1955 and 1956,brbrCastro went to United States and Mexico looking for supporters and money to fund his revolution. On December 2, 1956, eighty-two men including Castro and the physician Ernesto Che Guevara, set sail once again for the Oriente on their yacht, the Granma. The campaign was doomed from the beginning. Nobody could navigate the boat properly, everybody was seasick, most of the supplies were jettisoned in a storm, and the expedition landed in the wrong place.(Sinclair,15) On one occasion Guevara followed the wrong star to travel North, and on another, his comrade put the only the drink they had, milk, upside down in his pocket. By the end of the day the milk was gone. On December 5 in the battle of Alegrà ­a de Pà ­o, Batistas troops killed all of the rebels except twelve. Among these survivors, coincidentally, were Castro and Guevara.brbrMeanwhile, in the cities and universities, a revolutionary m ovement was also taking place. The Ortodoxo political party favored a violent revolution against Batista. Its leader and University of Havana Professor Rafael Bà ¡rcena organized theShow MoreRelatedCuban Revolution And The Revolution1309 Words   |  6 PagesCuba’s history, the Cuban revolution. The factors that caused the revolution and the main events during changed the lives of Cuba’s people as well as North Americans. Cuba was a poor, uneducated, country controlled by a brutal dictator in 1953. The attack on the Moncoda barracks and other confrontations caused the people of Cuba to react – storming the presidential palace and rioting. Castro and his men were starting to win against Batista’s despite the numbers. After the revolution Fidel Castro tookRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Cuban Revolution1264 Words   |  6 Pagesin the years that followed because of the Cuban revolution. The oxford dictionary defines art as the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically in a visual form such as painting or sculpture, producing works to be appreciated primarily for their beauty or emotional power, as well as the branches of creativity, such as painting, music, and dance. Art and its many different forms were heavily influenced by the Cuban Revolution. Artists find inspirations for their worksRead MoreThe Cuban Revolution Of Cuba1670 Words   |  7 Pagesarchitecture. But underneath the surface, was a revolution ready to burst through the Cuban people they just needed the right person to lead them. Cuba at this time was run by a Political Dictator named Fulgencio Batista. Fulgencio Batista was elected President of Cuba between 1940 and 1940. In 1952 Batista declared that constitutional guarantees and the right to strike will be suspended. He became a dictator with absolute power over Cuba. Batista turned the Cuban capital of Havana into one of the largestRead More Cuban Revolution Essay945 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Fidel Castro, inspired by Josà © Martà ­ who first dreamt of a Cuban Revolution who died a martyr before he could succeed, wanted to overthrow the corrupt government under Fulgencio Batista. Castro gathered an army of revolutionaries known as the Fidelistas who were driven by nationalism, idealism, patriotism, and the thought of possibly becoming a martyr, a historical glory of Cuba. The result of this revolution in Cuba was an overthrow of the government and the start of a Communist stateRead MoreEssay on The Cuban Revolution773 Words   |  4 Pagestime of the Cuban Revolution was a great deal of turmoil, not just in Cuba but in almost every corner of the world. It was 1945, shortly after the end of World War Two, and the Cold War was taking off between the United States and the Soviet Union. Cuba, in the middle of its own war, was caught up in the international politics of the Cold War. The interaction between international and domestic politics played a major role in the outcome of the revolution. The result of the revolution left Fidel CastroRead MoreEssay on The Cuban Revolution2746 Words   |  11 Pagesof Power [1952-1959] Marifeli Pà ©rez-Stable looks back at the Cuban Revolution through a sociological lens in her book The Cuban Revolution. Pà ©rez-Stable claims that Cubans held national independence and social justice as goals ever since the end of the nineteenth century. Radical nationalism remained important in Cubans’ view of themselves and their ideals. Thus, Pà ©rez-Stable argues that the origins of the Cuban Revolution of 1959 lie in the independence movement against Spain and the frustrationsRead More The Cuban Revolution Essay3088 Words   |  13 Pagesto â€Å"take by the surprise and capture the Fort Moncada, and take machine guns, tanks, armored trucks, up-to-date rifles and ammunition.† (Huberman 1960: 28) They could then seize radio stations, (Hampsey 2002: 95) and â€Å"They were to announce a revolution based on ‘Creole values,’ (Goldenberg 1965: 151) led by new men ... free of all obstacles with foreign nations and ... of appetites of politicians. They promised welfare and economic prosperity, social justice, respect for other nations, and respectRead MoreEssay about The Cuban Revolution2304 Words   |  10 PagesThey talk about the failure of socialism but where is the success of capitalism in Africa, Asia and Latin America? -- Fidel Castro Introduction During the 1950’s, Cuba was on the brink of revolution. The nation, which had suffered numerous corrupt and oppressive governmental regimes, fell victim to yet another when Fulgencio Batista seized power under a military coup in March of 1952. A cry for a just Cuba, that was economically, politically, and socially free continued to echo throughoutRead MoreEssay on History of the Cuban Revolution1904 Words   |  8 PagesIn cuban history there was many dictatorships. But, Fulgencio Batista lead to rise of communism in Cuba and Fidel Castro. Foreign involvement from United States to control Cuba as economical ally, also Bastia treatment mistreatment towards foreigners from Haitian and Jamaican. The Cuban revolutionary leader Fidel Castro use of guerrilla warfare and the peasant population of Cuba lead to successful revolution. The United States felt threatened about Cuban being 90 miles from florida spifly duringRead MoreFidel Castro And The Cuban Revolution1367 Words   |  6 Pagesthe fruition of the Cuban Revolution, and the dramatic shift in power was about to radically alter the country’s political, social and economic course forever. The positive and negative effects of the revolution on the Cuban people, however, as well as the condition of Cuba’s economy pre and post-revolution, is subject to heated debate. Castro’s iron-fisted regime was the introduction of communism into the western hemisphere, and now, over fifty years later, the Cuban Revolution continues to be one

Vicarious Liability in Tort-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Whether Li Min can successfully sue Wang Wie or ScubaEats for Negligence, or not? Answer: Issue Whether Li Min can successfully sue Wang Wie or ScubaEats for negligence, or not? Rule A civil wrong done is denoted through a tort and negligence is deemed as one of the torts. In a case of negligence, party X owes a duty of care towards party Y and there is a violation of this particular duty[1]. The result of this duty, to create of case of negligence, has to be substantial injury, which is not remote and where the breach of duty of care directly results in the injury suffered by Y. In such cases, Y gets the opportunity of initiating a legal claim against X for negligence and gets compensated for their losses[2]. In order to show that a person was indeed liable for negligence, there is a need to show the presence of certain elements, which includes duty of care, breach of duty of care, dames/ loss/ injury, loss being not too remote, direct causation and foreseeability[3]. For establishing a duty of care, it needs to be shown that X owed a duty of care towards Y. Section 42 of Civil Law (Wrongs) Act, 2002[4] provides that the standard of care is what a reasonable person would have done in similar circumstances[5]. Donoghue v Stevenson[6] which presented the criteria for establishing the presence of duty of care. Here, the plaintiff D was sitting at a caf and he ordered a drink. Upon the consumption of this drink, she fell sick as a dead snail was inside this bottle, which contaminated it. D brought actions against the defendant S for negligence. The defendant claimed that he did not owe a duty of care to D. However, the court found otherwise and with this, the neighbor test was presented. The court stated that the relationship between two people and the ability of actions of X directly affecting Y had to be considered. And so, S was asked to compensate D for her loss. The next step is to show that the duty of care was breached. For this purpose, the case of Paris v Stepney Borough Council[7] proves of help. In this case, the plaintiff was working on a rusty bolt, when it jumped and hit his good eye, which resulted in him being blinded. The defendant was held to have breached his duty of care as the plaintiff was not provided the necessary safety equipments and gears which could protect him, especially when the defendant had been aware of the fact that the plaintiff was already blind in one eye. Due to these reasons, the defendant was required to compensate the plaintiff for their loss. The next essential is to show that the damage suffered by Y is substantial and is not remote[8]. In Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd[9], the court did not award any damage to the plaintiff as the damages were remote. The next element relates to foreseeability; in the sense that thee damages have to be reasonably foreseeable for the damages to be awarded[10]. In Vaughan v Menlove[11], the defendant had been persistently given warnings about the chances of the building catching fire as it was not properly ventilated. The defendant never worked on these warnings and chose to ignore them due to which, the court held the defendant liable for negligence. The reason behind this was that a prudent individual would have paid heed to such warnings and by not considering this, the plaintiff was required to be compensated by the defendant. The next element is to show direct causation between the injury suffered and the negligence of X. Hence, there is a need to show that due to the actions of X, Y suffered the injuries and there was a direct link between them[12]. Upon successfully showing that all these elements of negligence had been present, a claim for negligence can be made. When this is done, the monetary damages for the losses can be made. The claim can be made for the physical injury and also for the economic losses incurred[13]. When a case of negligence is made against X by Y, party X can use the defense of contributory negligence. Upon successfully showing that Y had contributed towards the injuries sustained by him, the damages awarded to Y are reduced by the amount decided by the court[14]. Froom v Butcher[15] was a case where due to the fault of the defendant, the plaintiff was injured. However, at the time of the incident, the defendant was not wearing the seatbelt. Due to this reason, the damage awarded to the plaintiff was reduced by 100 by the court. Vicarious liability is a concept which arises from the agency law where the employer is held accountable for the actions of their employees, particularly the ones related to a tortious act. In order to hold the employer responsible, the tortious act is required to be taken during the employment course. Vicarious liability is born from the Latin phrase of qui facit per alium facit per se and it means that an individual would be considered to act through another[16]. For holding the employer liable, there is also a need to show that the person was the employee of the employer. There are different tests like the control test and the integration test which help in the making of this decision. However, the most useful test is the multi-factor test as per which the situations revolving around the relationship of two individuals is to be considered for naming the kind of relationship[17]. This test was primarily given in Stevens v Brodribb Sawmilling Co Pty Ltd[18] and received confirmation afterwards in Hollis v Vabu Pty Limited[19]. Hollis v Vabu Pty Limited is particularly important case as in this case the bicycle courier was deemed to be the employee due to the presence of factors like wearing uniform, strict star timings, and bicycle being provided to him. Application In the given case study, for Li Min to hold Wang Wei liable for negligence, a duty of care has to be shown. On the basis of Donoghue v Stevenson, the relationship between the two has to be analyzed. Here, Wang Wei was driving his bicycle on the road and he owed a duty of care to all of the others who were on road. This is further clear from the ACT Road Rules which required he motorists and cyclists to stop when they saw pedestrians so that a collision can be avoided. Even when this duty was owed by Wang Wei, he failed to undertake care in his bicycle riding and cycled fast to reach early, to cover the loss of time from the detour he took. By doing so, his duty of riding the bicycle carefully was breached. And this breach of duty, on the basis of Paris v Stepney Borough Coun, would make Wang Wei liable to compensate Li Min. Wang Weis actions were such that a reasonable person would have foreseen the chances of collision. Applying Vaughan v Menlove, Wang Wei ignored the ACT Road Rules. The damage suffered by Li Min was such that she had to be hospitalized for three days. Even though these were minor injuries, they required hospital stay. So, a claim for hospital expenses can be made. Along with this, she can make a claim for the economic losses suffered by her which resulted from her being discharged from internship for poor performance. However, she cannot make a claim for quitting her job as it was a voluntary decision and not occurred due to the negligence of Wang Wei. In short, Li Min can initiate a case of negligence against Wang Wei and claim the expenses of hospital, her physical injury in form of headaches and the course fee. In this case, a case of contributory negligence can be made by Wang Wei against Li Min. This is because Li Min was indulged in her phone and was not paying attention to the road. Had she been paying attention, she could have moved aside and the accident could have been avoided. These actions of Li Min contributed towards her injuries, and on the basis of Froom v Butcher, the damages awarded to her would be reduced. The applicability of vicarious liability would make ScubaEats liable for compensation Li Min for her loss, owing to the negligence of Wang Wei. Though, for this, Wang Wei has to be shown as the employee of ScubaEats. Applying the case of Hollis v Vabu Pty Limited, Wang Wei has been given the uniform by ScubaEats and also rides the bicycle given by them. The facts of this case are similar to Hollis v Vabu Pty Limited and similar to this case, the employer would be held liable for negligence of their employee. Conclusion On the basis of discussion carried above, it is clear that Li Min can successfully sue Wang Wie and ScubaEats for negligence. However, the damages awarded to her would be reduced by the amount of contributory negligence, as decided by the court. 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