Citizenship During The Roman Empire - 1183 Words

The Roman Empire was perhaps the most achieving empires that lasted from 31 B.C. to 476 A.D. The Romans did many things that lead to the empire’s success and allowed for it to last so many years. They had a way of governing the citizens that allowed for this longevity; keeping its people â€Å"happy by granting citizenship wherever they conquered (not to everyone though). Citizenship during the Roman Empire held the duties of military service and the advantage of marriage, voting, and holding a position in office. These privileges were mostly of tangible benefits to the rich, however citizenship brought upon the right of petition to the people and a social status that was respected. Citizenship did not give people many political rights, but it gave them other rights and privileges that people valued. Thus, although citizenship did not mean much politically, it was nonetheless important in many other ways. Citizenship in Rome was an honored legal and political state. The right to be a citizen also granted the right to vote. These rights varied according to the place, service to the state, and most importantly the classification of the individual within the empire. For instance, when Gracchus was leading Rome, he attempted to give the right to vote to those allies who weren’t allowed to be part of the Roman elections. The senate did not agree with this. They feared that having too many people vote would outvote them. Therefore they demanded that people who did not have the rightShow MoreRelatedGreek and Roman Concepts of Citizenship and Government1361 Words   |  6 PagesGreek and Roman Concepts of Citizenship and Government Joe Wickenden, Sarah Dowling, Ginger Snyder, Leone Hansen HIS/341 October 27, 2014 Joel Getz Greek and Roman Concepts of Citizenship and Government The definition of citizenship in Greek and Roman cultures can be described much differently than the current democratic definition of contemporary nations. The Roman Empire differed from the Athenian Amphictyony and the Assyrian Empire as well as the sunder later emperors such as VespasianRead MoreIssues of Citizenship of Indigenous Populations in Republican Rome1601 Words   |  6 PagesTable of Contents Introduction 2 Indigenous populations in Republican Rome (ca. 500 BCE 31 BCE) 3 Citizenship in colonial era 4 IV Comparison and Contrast 5 Conclusion 7 References 8 Introduction The issues citizenship of indigenous populations in the Roman Republic and during the colonial era in Europe provides comprehensive information regarding how the indigenous populations were treated by Europeans. The right to get justice and to self-determine their politico-social life is the mainRead MoreEdward Gibbon s Declaration Of The Reign1444 Words   |  6 Pagesas â€Å"superficial† aspects of the empire. When studying the Roman Empire, it’s difficult to not admire the stunning works, such as the House of Fawn in Herculaneum or Hadrian’s Villa. The wealth needed to create such places indicates the prosperity within the empire during this time. Gibbons claimed understanding on happiness and prosperity seem to have less to do with the personal lives of the human race and more with what physically surrounded the human race during this period of reign. The claimRead MoreRoman Citizenship1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe Roman Republic became one of the most pow erful and ruthless Empire s on the face of the planet and to be a citizen was very appealing. This was such an admirable and highly sought after position; that it would cause envy throughout the people of that time. There were also pre-requisites recorded in the requirements of becoming a Roman citizen and keeping that role. Roman citizenship itself was originally difficult to obtain but once won, life as a citizen was easier and more refined thanRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of Empires1580 Words   |  7 Pagesthat the rise and fall of empires was due to tolerance, inclusion, difference, and diversity is shown to be true of the Roman Empire because of the way that tolerance allowed and caused the empire to rise, enter its golden age, and fall. The Roman Empire was a â€Å"hyperpower† that lasted from 44 BCE to 476 CE. The empire contained Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe, along with North Africa; thus, there was an abundance of culture from many different conquered grou ps. Romans wanted to make these conqueredRead More The Fall of the Roman Empire Due to Army, Citizens, Barbarianism1587 Words   |  7 Pageseventual fall, of the Roman empire. The deficient Emperor role led to the lacking military response to invasions, civil war and peasant uprisings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ROMAN EMPIRE AND ITS EMPEROR   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the adoptive system which was installed by Marcus Aurelius was never reinstalled after his death, effective leadership in governing Rome was lacking. It was clearly visible that the Roman Emperor was the backbone of Roman stability and therefore the strength of the Roman army was also crucialRead MoreEssay about The Fall of the Roman Empire1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fall of the Roman Empire A reason that leads to Romes inability to remain self-sustaining as an Empire was its lack of technology. Technological advance did not increase at a rate proportional to the increase of the people per square mile. This lead to the inability of the Romans to become self-sustaining. Once again the slave trade was a reason that their technology levels failed to increase. The bulk of work done in the Roman Empire was always carried out by the slaves. This providedRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1404 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fall of Rome The Fall of the Roman Empire, one of the greatest empires that human civilization has ever encountered, is viciously debated today among scholars all over the world. No one theory is the absolute truth as there are many fatal factors and mistakes that forged the collapse of this supreme civilization. Problems ranging from political instability, to different economic predicaments, to barbaric invasions, to imperialistic ideologies, the empire just became too complex for its own goodRead MoreThe Structure of The Roman Empire Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pages The Roman Empire, was the largest known civilization. The Roman Empire began when Augustus won the second great civil war and ended, when the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was overthrown by the Germanic King Odoacer. The empire continued in the East as the Byzantine Empire (Mark). The structure of the Empire was such that one individual had complete control over all matters of the state, The Emperor, of course there were various branches of the government that still served underRead MoreDecline And Fall Of The Roman Empire1310 Words   |  6 Pagesthat the Roman Empire was the greatest Empire in history. They destroyed their enemies and took their land. They had control of the Mediterranean Sea and all of the trade that went through it. Places like the Pantheon were constructed and laws such as stare decisis were created. The Roman Empire was an empire that many people wanted to live under. Then, like all empires eventually do, it fell. Looking at history, there are nine possible reasons for the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. The first

During the development of the human brain, the layers of...

During the development of the human brain, the layers of the cerebral cortex are formed by migrating neurons which come from specialized proliferating regions lying deep in the brain. This neural migration comprises neurons moving as far as one thousand times their own body lengths before they arrive at their destination. During this developmental process, the cortex is divided into six organized layers. In Lissencephaly, this organized cortical layering is disrupted and instead forms four unorganized layers1. It is a severe developmental brain disorder which is characterized by a smooth brain with an abnormal thick cortex, enlarged ventricles, and very few or no gyri2. At the basis of this disease lies failure of proper migration of†¦show more content†¦The C-Terminal Ser/Pro-rich domain has no known function in microtubule binding as of yet. Rather, it functions as an interaction site for other molecules. This suggests that DCX is involved in signaling pathways: DCX is pho sphorylated by both Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)7,8 at the Ser/Pro-rich domain. Phosphorylation of DCX by CDK5 controls and localizes DCX to fine perinuclear microtubules but not to microtubule bundles in proximal processes. This phosphorylation is developmentally regulated by p35, the major activating subunit for CDK58. At the growth cones, DCX is co-localized with JNK. Phosphorylation of DCX by JNK facilitates neurite outgrowth during differentiation, a process which is important in migration. Additionally, DCX interacts with JNK–interacting protein-1 (JIP-1), a scaffold protein that facilitates its phosphorylation by JNK and furthermore might provide a crosstalk with the reelin pathway7,9. A defective cortical layering phenotype is also observed in individuals with mutations in the REELIN gene. Other phosporylation proteins for DCX are PKA and MARK. Dcx/microtubule interactions are negatively controlled by PKA and MARK at the growth cones.10 Unlike the other two kinases, PKA and and MARK does not phosporylate DCX at the Ser/Pro domain, but at several other sites, with the most important one being S47. The C-terminal region of DCX regulates filamentous actin polymerization inShow MoreRelatedFetal Brain Development and the Preterm Infant1554 Words   |  6 PagesFETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT AND THE PRETERM INFANT 2 NORMAL FETAL BRAIN DEVELOPMENT Embryonic brain development begins a few weeks after conception through the processes known as gastrulation and neurulation (Gilbert, 2000). During gastrulation the embryo changes from a simple group of cells to a multi-layered organism. Three germ layers are formed during this process: the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm (Gilbert, 2000). The endoderm is the most inner layer and forms the lining of internalRead MoreCritically Evaluate the role of Neural Structures in Subserving a Specific Psychological Function.1259 Words   |  6 PagesThe brain can be considered the most complex organ in the body and the centrepiece of the nervous system. Although the brain works as a unified whole, neuroscientists have identified areas within it that perform specific functions. This makes the brain interconnected by three different layers: the central core, the limbic system, and the cerebral cortex. All of which contain structures that regulate everyday life and psychological function. 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Sometimes the right hemisphere is related to creativity and the left hemisphere is related to logic abilities. It is divided into four sections called lobes, the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe. This is theRead MoreAlzheimer’s Disease is the Most Common form of Dementia3129 Words   |  12 Pagesday Auguste D would present with a negative attitude and it became difficult and even impossible to examine her.4 Because of Auguste D’s behavioral disturbances she often spent the day in a warm bath in an attempt to calm the symptoms of agitation.4 During the night, Auguste D was often isolated because she would wander and would wake other patients because she failed to go to sleep.4 Mr. Alzheimer developed a plan of care which focused on outdoor activity, exercise, and massage but strenuous physicalRead MoreIntro to Psychology: Chapter Notes 1- 54753 Wor ds   |  20 Pagesperspective * concerned with ways we mentally represent the world and process info. * Memory, perception, learning, problem solving, decision making, language, planning * Humanistic-Existential Perspective * Humanism stresses human capacity for self-fulfillment. * Role of conciousness, self-awareness, decision making * Existentialism stresses free choice and personal responsibility. * Carl Rogers * Abraham Maslow * Diversity within psychologyRead MorePrenatal Development And Birth Pregnancy2794 Words   |  12 PagesChapter 4 Prenatal Development and Birth Prenatal development begins with conception †¢ Females ovulate approximately every 28 days †¢ Ovum is expelled from the ovaries through the fallopian tube, and down into the uterus. †¢ If not fertilized by sperm, the egg will be disintegrated and be passed out of the body via menstruation. †¢ If the sperm reaches the egg, all other sperm will be repelled. †¢ This connection between sperm and egg is known as a Zygote. 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Wine is Not Sin Free Essays

string(63) " to consume the large amount of alcohol in two martinis today\." â€Å"Wine is not sin.† Such a claim has caused clamor and disagreement within Christianity for centuries. Yet what does this statement mean? If God is to be consistent, why does it seem that He has inconsistent commandments about wine, which caused so much dispute among godly theologians? As best as one can generalize, there are three camps of belief regarding where the Bible stands on the morality wine consumption. We will write a custom essay sample on Wine is Not Sin or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Moderationist View holds that the Bible only deals with fermented wine within its text. It was fermented wine that was exchanged between godly men in Genesis 14:18-20; it was fermented wine which Jesus was accused of getting drunk on in Luke 7:33-35, and was also fermented wine with which Jesus practiced the Lord’s Supper. The Abstentionist View holds that that God approves of the use of fermented wine, but only to a certain amount before drunkenness takes place. Lastly, the Prohibitionist View maintains that, although the Bible has several Greek and Hebrew words that carry a general description of wine with their meaning, one can best understand God’s condemnation of fermented wine based on the context of the passages that are often used in support of a Moderationist or Abstentionist view. In light of these three views, this author holds that condemnation of alcoholic wine is not to be based on the amount consumed, or the properties of its content. Rather, based on God’s Word, alcoholic wine is sinful to consume because of the degrading effects it has on one’s body, because a holy God forbade its use among Old Testament and New Testament believers, and because it compromises one’s character as an ambassador of Christ. These three arguments will be fleshed out in this paper within the following facets of discussion. The Biological Ethics of Wine, the Biblical Ethics of Wine, and the Cultural Ethics of Wine. The Biological Ethics of Wine Based on the information that rests in the physical effects of alcoholic consumption, this author proposes that the intake of wine into one’s body is damaging not only to his body, but to his image and likeness of God, and is therefore sinful. Before one considers what the Bible has to say about the bodily effects of wine consumption, he should first examine what physical processes are taking place within ones body as he consumes alcoholic wine. Physical Effects As one takes alcohol into his body, two actions take place in the brain which causes the common sensation of pleasure and calm. The brain’s inhibitory neurotransmitter is excited as the excitatory neurotransmitter is simultaneity inhibited. This slows the processing of information in the cerebral cortex, causing one to experience blurred vision, slowed senses, and the inability to think clearly. Secondly, the consumption of alcohol â€Å"increases the amount of the chemical dopamine in the brain’s reward center, which creates the feeling of pleasure that occurs when someone takes a drink.† Here is where one feels the buzz to which he often finds himself addicted. Yet the additional effects on other parts of his body are rarely as pleasurable.The Cerebellum, which acts as the center of movement and balance within the body, grows impaired as alcohol consumption rises, resulting in a dizziness and staggering commonly seen among those whom are drunk. Additionally, there is an increase in blood flow, which heats the skin and gives one a warm sensation. This surface heats cools the body’s organs down and slows the breathing, often to a dangerous level. Lastly and most important, as one takes in more alcohol, he raises his BAC (Blood Alcohol Concentration), which in the amount of alcohol in one’s bloodstream. The higher the BAC, the more probable a heart attack, since he is starving the heart of blood.With this very simplistic explanation of what takes place as one becomes increasingly more inebriated, it also is important to consider what the definition of â€Å"drunk† means. In modern American culture, the typical sized glass of wine is 5 ounces in amount— 10% being alcohol. Therefore, three drinks equalling .6 ounces of alcohol each, if consumed within an hour, would bring a normal sized individual’s BAC to .08, which is the current legal definition of drunkenness. As one can see, alcohol consumed by humans, has dangerous side effects, rendering its use to be unwholesome in large quantities and unwise in general. Also, because of alcohol’s addictive qualities, once begun, humans have a terrible tendency to find it hard to stop at a certain quantity. Hence in America alone, according to the CDCP, Alcohol took more than 88,000 lives between 2006-2010, meaning that 1 in 10 Americans drank themselves to death. Physical Morals Those who believe that alcohol is not addictive and label these statistics as a slippery-slope fallacy are sadly foolish. Therefore, based on this proof, one must understand that, since humans are the image bearers of God (Genesis 2:7, Psalm 139:13-15), they have the responsibility to take care of their bodies. â€Å"To destroy our health by means of intoxicating substances means to destroy God’s temple within us.† This author echoes what Paul stated to the Corinthians, â€Å"for God’s temple is holy, and that temple you are.† This first proof cannot be highlighted enough, since God has laid a serious responsibility to care for the precious life He gave us. Therefore, based on the effects of alcoholic consumption reviewed above, it is unethical to intake any amount of alcohol that would impair one’s body on a long-term or short-term scale as it is damaging to his health (1Corinthians 3:17).Yet, to do justice to the Jewish culture of the Bible, one must understand that wine in present modern times is vastly different to the contents of wine in the Old and New Testament. As Norman Geisler clearly affirmed, â€Å"Wine today has a much higher level of alcohol than wine in the New Testament. In fact, in New Testament times one would need to drink twenty-two glasses of wine in order to consume the large amount of alcohol in two martinis today. You read "Wine is Not Sin" in category "Papers"† Since a typical martini is 37% alcohol, a glass of wine during the apostle Paul’s time would have been 3% alcohol, making it fairly difficult to get inebriated quickly. Yet even ancient civilization’s strongest drinks of 14% alcohol were often watered down with a 20-1 ratio according to Plithy and Homer’s Odyssey. Hence, as one looks at the present-day perspective of alcohol in contrast to Bible time terminology, it is easy to recognize that to truly gain a fair grasp of the alcohol issue one must also understand the literary uses of the word â€Å"wine† in the context of the Bible. Which leads one to the biblical ethics of wine. The Biblical Ethics of Wine God not only condemns drunkenness in the Old and New Testament, but condemns the actual use of fermented wine in both Testaments. This argument follows closely to the Prohibitionist View as discussed in the introduction. Good men differ on this topic, expositing difficult passages of great length. For lack of such space and ability, this argument will only touch on a few Greek and Hebrew words, the biblical commands for use and abstinence, and three commonly misunderstood passages. Word Analysis Wine in general ancient terminology can be loosely translated as â€Å"The pressed juice of the grape, whether fermented or unfermented.† There are three words that this paper will highlight in a general attempt to do justice to the historical accuracy of wine. The first Hebrew word is (Yayin). It is the most commonly used form for wine in the Old Testament, used 141 times throughout, and is often misinterpreted since God uses the same word to impart blessings and curses upon His people. Yet the context of the passage is important. Yes, some texts are unclear, but Robert Teachout’s tabulation of each reference breaks them down to 71 instances referring to unfermented wine, and the other 70 referring to fermented wine, while seeking to stay true to the original context of the authorial intent. The first and perhaps most famous passage in which wine is mentioned in the Bible is in Genesis 9:20-21 when Noah got drunk on the which he made from his vineyards and eventually shamed himself with nudity. Wine is clearly spoken within a negative sense, and is next seen in Genesis 19:32-33 when Lot’s daughters raped him. This Hebrew word is again used in Lamentations 2:12, yet has a very different implication. As King Nebuchadnezzar sieged Jerusalem, the starving children asked their mothers, â€Å"Where is corn and wine? when they swooned as the wounded in the streets of the city.† The children were not seeking alcoholic wine as drunk by Noah, but rather this same Hebrew word yayin is best understood in context to the fact that even their children desperately needed sustenance to stay alive. Yayin is used in countless additional passages under the same unfermented context. The second word to consider is also Hebrew. (tirosh) is commonly considered to be unfermented Horace Bumstead says, â€Å"In no one of the thirty-eight passages in which it occurs does it fail to have some reference, direct or indirect, to the soil or the press or the divine agency which had been ins trumental in its production. † Simply put, yayin is the refined, fermented result of the raw product—tirosh, which is new wine. Texts such as Micah 6:15 support such claims. â€Å"Thou shalt tread the olives, but thou shalt not anoint thee with oil; And tirosh, but shalt not drink yayin.† Here the contexts supports tirosh as unfermented and yayin as fermented wine since God forbids the latter but promotes the former. As one can begin to see, the use of the Hebrew words can seem ambiguous, if not interpreted based on the context of the passage. The third word to examine is the Greek usage for wine most commonly used in the whole Bible. (oinos) is the parallel to the Hebrew yayin word, and was commonly used in Greek culture to refer to any unfermented or fermented grape juice. In Ephesians 5:18, Paul commands the believers at Ephesus â€Å"Be not drunk with wine, wherein is excess; but be filled with the Spirit.† Oinos takes on the meaning of fermented wine in this context, since drunke nness is the common result. Yet there are translations of this text which lead the reader to assume that â€Å"excess† (debauchery) is condemning drunkenness, while allowing for wine. â€Å"Wherein ( ) is excess† can be translated â€Å"in which is excess,† which alludes to wine in the previous clause rather than drunkenness. Whether one agrees or not, what can be confirmed is that wine in this context is referencing fermented wine. There are multiple passages that, use oinos to describe grape juice, or new wine. One such passage records Jesus’ parable of the new and old wineskins. The culture of that day found the use of wineskins to hold and preserve â€Å"must† or, new wine. Common interpretation of this passage does an injustice to the text by claiming that Jesus was describing how to safely ferment wine as an object lesson within His parable. According to excavator James Pritchard, this interpretation is erroneous, since within middle eastern tradition, fermenting wine took place in very large tanks that could withstand the violent pressure of fermentation for three days and then stored in sealed jars with olive oil at 65 degrees F. The Encyclopedia Biblica also asserts that the gas given off during fermentation would cause a pressure much too great for even new wine skins to withstand. Therefore, there is no way the Jesus could have been addressing how to store fermented wine, but rather was simply using oinos (new wine; grape juice) as an object lesson for a topic completely unrelated to wine.Based on this brief word analysis, one can see how important the context is when translating and interpreting the biblical meaning for wine. Yet there are many more verses that relate to the many uses of wine within the Testaments, both for God designed purposes and commands to abstain. How to cite Wine is Not Sin, Papers

Legal - Ethical & Professional Issues in Information Security

Question: Discuss about theLegal, Ethical Professional Issues in Information Security. Answer: Introduction Irrespective of the nature of Australian firm, companies are expected to adhere and follow legal and ethical framework as put forward by the Legal Framework. All workers regardless of their field and profession should function within the ethical and legal framework of the country. Companies should also follow ethical norms and implement appropriate legal framework and ensure that employee management is conducted in an ethical way. The essay here discusses legal and ethical framework in the professional environment in Australia with special focus on discussing the risk management in IT sector in Australia (Remley and Herlihy, 2012). Risk of working is common in any business environment. Companies sometimes violate the employee norms and law and thus lead to problem. Employee safety and risk management are key issues in administration demands special evaluation and analysis here in this essay. Body: Everyone in Australian professional environment are expected to function within the boundaries defined by the legal and ethical framework. Legal framework should be followed to eliminate risks and safety oriented issues in the internal working environment. Employees will not work properly if they do not feel safe and secured. Risks could be eliminated in a strategic way by implementing appropriate law and statues (Cohen and Liverman, 2011). While the laws of the country restricts and strictly mention the specific behaviour of the employee and management in a unique way, ethics, however defines codes of socially accepted behaviour and how one should present himself in the society. Ethics include cultural codes and also introduced customs as and when necessary. Laws however, need to be approved by the authority before implementation. Ethics are not always legally approved and hence could be implemented by the governing authority (Chase, 2015). For instances the following statues; Privacy Act (Commonwealth) 1988 Privacy Amendment Act 2000 Some of the most important laws followed here are; Workplace health and safety act Anti-Discrimination Act Equal Employment Opportunity Environmental Standards Duty of Care Privacy Act Data Privacy Act Work place safety is of tremendous importance as this act helps in developing safety and security of the employee. When the employee is safe and secured in the work environment he would automatically work properly and ensure business development in a defined way. After going through the norms mentioned by ACS book I put forward the following approach that could be considered for managing work environment. ACS Code of Ethics strictly highlights ways of improving professional work environment in an ethical way by following honour, dignity and effectiveness to the core (Hartman, 2011). Though this apparently seems possible, in a practical environment the supervisor may lead to a difficult situation which shall be impossible to overcome by a junior administrator. In such critical situations following the ACS codes and adhering to ethical norms will help in getting an edge in the situation and overcome the problem in a defined way, Such a system was not followed and rules were violated. The law also mentioned ways of evolving as a good and responsible citizen in the Australian society. Thus law is Australian society is unique and motivates and support performance of the employees within the company in a defined way. It also helps the management to understand and implement activities as per legal norms and follow ethical approaches to improve overall functionality of the business management in a defined way (Susilo and Mu, 2014). Conclusion: Ethical codes and legal framework are to be followed by every company and ensure employee involvement and employee safety. Developing a safe and risk free work environment automatically attracts employees towards the company and when knowledgeable and productive employees join the company it automatically enhances its performance in a defined way. Hence, companies adopt various ethical and legal frameworks to ensure improvement in production and employee performance. References Chase, Y. (2015). Professional Ethics: Complex Issues for the Social Work Profession.Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 25(7), pp.766-773. Cohen, H. and Liverman, C. (2011).Certifying personal protective technologies. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Hartman, L. (2011).Perspectives in business ethics. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Remley, T. and Herlihy, B. (2012).Ethical, legal, and professional issues in counseling. Susilo, W. and Mu, Y. (2014).Information Security and Privacy. Cham: Springer International Publishing.